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Rightleft christmas storiesgames go to wright family story 2 story 3 story 4 go to lefty elf story go to crossy lefty story. Elf Wikipedia. An elf plural elves is a type of human shaped supernatural being in Germanic mythology and folklore. Reconstructing the early concept of an elf depends almost entirely on texts in Old English or relating to Norse mythology. Later evidence for elves appears in diverse sources such as medical texts, prayers, ballads, and folktales. Recent scholars have emphasised, in the words of rmann Jakobsson, that the time has come to resist reviewing information about lfaren masse and trying to impose generalizations on a tradition of a thousand years. Legends of lfar may have been constantly changing and were perhaps always heterogeneous so it might be argued that any particular source will only reflect the state of affairs at one given time. However, some generalisations are possible. In medieval Germanic speaking cultures, elves seem generally to have been thought of as beings with magical powers and supernatural beauty, ambivalent towards everyday people and capable of either helping or hindering them. However, the precise character of beliefs in elves across the Germanic speaking world has varied considerably across time, space, and different cultures. In Old Norse mythological texts, elves seem at least at times to be counted among the pagan gods in medieval German texts they seem more consistently monstrous and harmful. Elves are prominently associated with sexual threats, seducing people and causing them harm. For example, a number of early modern ballads in the British Isles and Scandinavia, originating in the medieval period, describe human encounters with elves. In English literature of the Elizabethan era, elves became conflated with the fairies of Romance culture, so that the two terms began to be used interchangeably. German Romanticist writers were influenced by this notion of the elf, and reimported the English word elf in that context into the German language. In Scandinavia, probably through a process of euphemism, elves often came to be known by names like huldra or hulduflk hidden peopleor conceivably were conflated with an earlier category of beings with these names. Meanwhile, German folklore has tended to see the conflation of elves with dwarfs. The Christmas elves of contemporary popular culture are a relatively recent tradition, popularized during the late nineteenth century in the United States. Elves entered the twentieth century high fantasy genre in the wake of works published by authors such as J. R.  R. Tolkien, for which, see Elf Middle earth. Etymology. A chart showing how the sounds of the word elf have changed in the history of English. The chart cites Richard M. Hogg, A Grammar of Old English, Volume 1 Phonology Oxford Blackwell, 1. It has also been published in Alaric Hall, Elves in Anglo Saxon England Matters of Belief, Health, Gender and Identity, Anglo Saxon Studies, 8 Woodbridge Boydell, 2. The English word elf is from the Old English word most often attested as lf whose plural would have been lfe. Although this word took a variety of forms in different Old English dialects, these converged on the form elf during the Middle English period. During the Old English period, separate forms were used for female elves such as lfen, putatively from common Germanic liinnj, but during the Middle English period the word elf came routinely to include female beings. The main medieval Germanic cognates of elf are Old Norse alfr, plural alfar, and Old High German alp, plural alp, elp alongside the feminine elbe. These words must come from Common Germanic, the ancestor language of English, German, and the Scandinavian languages the Common Germanic forms must have been li z and l z. Germanic li zl z is generally agreed to be cognate with the Latin albus matt white, Old Irish ailbhn flock Albanian elb barley and Germanic words for swan such as Modern Icelandic lpt. These all come from an Indo European base lbh, and seem to be connected by whiteness. The Germanic word presumably originally meant white person, perhaps as a euphemism. Printable-Elf-on-the-Shelf-Hats.png' alt='Download Full The Happy Elf ' title='Download Full The Happy Elf ' />Jakob Grimm thought that whiteness implied positive moral connotations, and, noting Snorri Sturlusons ljslfar, suggested that elves were divinities of light. This is not necessarily the case, however. For example, Alaric Hall, noting that the cognates suggest matt white or soft white, has instead tentatively suggested that later evidence associating both elves and whiteness with beauty may indicate that it was this beauty that gave elves their name. A completely different etymology, making elf cognate with the Rbhus, semi divine craftsmen in Indian mythology, was also suggested by Kuhn, in 1. In this case, li z connotes the meaning, skillful, inventive, clever, and is cognate with Latin labor, in the sense of creative work. While often mentioned, this etymology is not widely accepted. Elves in names. Throughout the medieval Germanic languages, elf was one of the nouns that was used in personal names, almost invariably as a first element. These names may have been influenced by Celtic names beginning in Albio such as Albiorix. Alden Valley, Lancashire, possibly a place once associated with elves. Personal names provide the only evidence for elf in Gothic, which must have had the word lbs plural lbeis. The most famous such name is Alboin. Old English names in elf include the cognate of Alboinlfwine literally elf friend, m., lfric elf powerful, m., lfweard elf guardian, m. A widespread survivor of these in modern English is Alfred Old English lfrd, elf advice. Also surviving are the English surname Elgar lfgar, elf spear and the name of St Alpheges church lfhah, elf high. German examples are Alberich, Alphart and Alphere father of Walter of Aquitaine1. Icelandic examples include lfhildur. It is generally agreed that these names indicate that elves were positively regarded in early Germanic culture. Other words for supernatural beings in personal names almost all denote pagan gods, suggesting that elves were in a similar category of beings. In later Old Icelandic, alfr elf and the personal name which in Common Germanic had been alwulfaz both coincidentally became lfrlfr. This seems to have led people to associate legendary heroes called lfr with elves. Elves appear in some place names, though it is hard to be sure how many as a variety of other words, including personal names, can appear similar to elf. The clearest English example is Elveden elves hill, Suffolk other examples may be Eldon Hill Elves hill, Derbyshire and Alden Valley elves valley, Lancashire. These seem to associate elves fairly consistently with woods and valleys. Relationship to Christian cosmologies. Almost all surviving textual sources about elves were produced by Christianswhether Anglo Saxon monks, medieval Icelandic poets, early modern ballad singers, nineteenth century folklore collectors, or even early twentieth century fantasy authors. As with the Irish Aos S, beliefs in elves have, therefore, been a part of Christian cultures throughout their recorded history and there is a complex relationship between ideas about elves and mainstream Christian thought. Historically, people have taken three main approaches to integrating elves into Christian cosmology though of course there are no rigid distinctions between these Identifying elves with the demons of Judaeo Christian Mediterranean tradition. For example. Viewing elves as being more or less like people, and more or less outside Christian cosmology. The people who copied the Poetic Edda do not seem to have attempted to integrate elves into Christian thought. Likewise, the early modern Scottish people who, when prosecuted as witches, confessed to encountering elves seem not to have thought of themselves as having dealings with the Devil.